Security controls bypass or absence - Fingerprint
Need
Enhancement of security controls for fingerprint identification
Context
- Usage of PHP 7.0 for server-side scripting and web development
- Usage of Request for making HTTP requests
- Usage of the Customer package for managing customer data and interactions
- Usage of Auth for implementing authentication and authorization functionality
Description
Non compliant code
public function authenticate(Request $request)
{
$customer = Customer::where('fingerprint', $request->fingerprint)->first();
if($customer){
Auth::login($customer);
return redirect()->intended('dashboard');
}
else{
return redirect()->back()->withErrors(['fingerprint' => 'Fingerprint not found.']);
}
}
The above code is a part of a Laravel application which is used for authenticating a user based on their fingerprint. This is a vulnerable piece of code because it does not include any additional security measures to verify the authenticity of the fingerprint.
Here is how the code works:
- The function
authenticate(Request $request)
is called when a user tries to login. - The fingerprint from the request is used to find a customer with the same fingerprint in the database:
Customer::where('fingerprint', $request->fingerprint)->first();
. - If a customer with the same fingerprint is found, the user is logged in and redirected to the dashboard:
Auth::login($customer); return redirect()->intended('dashboard');
. - If no customer is found with the same fingerprint, the user is redirected back with an error message:
return redirect()->back()->withErrors(['fingerprint' => 'Fingerprint not found.']);
.
The vulnerability lies in the fact that there is no additional security measure to verify the authenticity of the fingerprint. A malicious user could potentially bypass this security control by using a stolen or spoofed fingerprint to gain unauthorized access to another user's account.
Steps
- Implement multi-factor authentication. This could be a combination of something the user knows (like a password), something the user has (like a mobile device), and something the user is (like a fingerprint).
- Add a rate limiting mechanism to prevent brute force attacks. This will limit the number of authentication attempts from a single IP address within a certain time period.
- Encrypt the fingerprint data stored in the database. This will prevent unauthorized access to the fingerprint data even if the database is compromised.
- Use secure communication protocols like HTTPS to prevent man-in-the-middle attacks.
- Implement a session timeout mechanism. This will automatically log out the user after a certain period of inactivity.
- Regularly update and patch the system to fix any known vulnerabilities.
Compliant code
public function authenticate(Request $request)
{
// Rate limiting
if (Cache::has('login_attempts_' . $request->ip())) {
$loginAttempts = Cache::get('login_attempts_' . $request->ip());
if ($loginAttempts > 5) {
return redirect()->back()->withErrors(['fingerprint' => 'Too many login attempts. Please try again later.']);
}
}
$customer = Customer::where('fingerprint', hash('sha256', $request->fingerprint))->first();
if($customer){
// Multi-factor authentication
if (Hash::check($request->password, $customer->password)) {
Auth::login($customer);
// Session timeout
session(['last_activity' => time()]);
return redirect()->intended('dashboard');
}
}
Cache::increment('login_attempts_' . $request->ip());
return redirect()->back()->withErrors(['fingerprint' => 'Fingerprint not found.']);
}
The updated code includes several security enhancements to address the vulnerability:
-
Rate Limiting: The code checks if there have been more than 5 login attempts from the same IP address. If so, it returns an error message and does not proceed with the authentication process. This is done using Laravel's Cache facade.
-
Multi-factor Authentication: In addition to the fingerprint, the user is also required to enter a password. The entered password is hashed and compared with the hashed password stored in the database. If they match, the user is authenticated.
-
Fingerprint Encryption: The fingerprint data is hashed using the SHA-256 algorithm before it is compared with the data in the database. This ensures that even if the database is compromised, the actual fingerprint data will not be exposed.
-
Session Timeout: A timestamp of the last activity is stored in the session data. This can be used to automatically log out the user after a certain period of inactivity.
Remember to use secure communication protocols like HTTPS to prevent man-in-the-middle attacks and regularly update and patch the system to fix any known vulnerabilities.